Awareness and knowledge of cyberethics: A comparative study of preservice teachers in Malta, Norway, and Spain

This paper explores the knowledge and understanding of cyberethics held by preservice teachers across three European countries. The study was conducted via an online survey yielded a total 1,131 responses from in Spain, Norway, Malta. facets included this were specifically related to behaving responsibly online, safeguarding privacy, respecting copyright, seeking consent third parties before posting images or videos on social media platforms, considering their own professional identity as future when online. findings indicate that reported similar levels competence both applying copyright privacy rules. However, varied countries, with Malta Norway reporting higher awareness than counterparts Spain. had largest number participants who they ‘always’ considered potential impact may have careers, followed Norway. Spain stated rarely never thought about teaching career. Our highlight need for student teachers’ be prioritised during ITE, especially within framework developing digital identity. In light our findings, we recommend all ITE programmes include components curricula. would enable develop emerging face challenges becoming 21st century.